In the beginning of the chapter, James speaks against the rich Jews who were persecuting and defrauding those who were doing right and those who were less wealthy. He does not speak this directly to them but rather to the Christians who were the object of this injustice. He then encourages the Christians to stand firm and be patient in the face of persecution. He reminds them that if they wait, they will receive the fruit of their good works. When the Lord comes back it will be worth it all. If we doubt that, we can look at the prophets. The endured much, but now they are enjoying their eternal reward in heaven.
Next, James reiterates a command of Christ given in Matthew 5:34, "Swear not at all." As Christians , we should always be completely honest. So, there will be no need for us to swear in any case. When we say "yes," we mean yes. Anyone who knows us will not need to doubt our word, because we are always as good as our word.
Then, he gives instructions for people in various situations:
Are you merry? Sing
Are you afflicted? Pray.
Are you sick? Call for the elders of the church and they will anoint you and pray for you.
Have you sinned? Confess your faults to each other. This is very valuable in overcoming sin in your life. If we are responsible to someone else, it can be a great help in having victory over sin. James also tells us that prayer can accomplish much. Elisha prayed and it didn't rain for three and one half years. Then, he prayed again and rain returned. What a powerful resource we have at our disposal! Let's use it.
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